WHAT WE ARE DOING

WHY WE ARE DOING IT

learning to use Arduino and Electronics

To activate our project's mechanisms.

Activity Prompt

You will learn about Arduino and it's components! You will the toolbox for more resources.

https://www.arduino.cc/

1st

2nd

Learn how to build a simple circuit with an LED

Learn how to build an Arduino circuit ( Led & servo)

3rd

Learn how to build an Arduino circuit (IR & Buzzer)

CIRCUIT MATERIALS

Coin cell battery

3v Battery Holder

Wires

LED's

Arduino Board

Breadboards

Allows you to connect different components together when you need to share things like POWER (5V and GND).

Arduino is a small computer that uses code to tell it what to do, like turning lights on and off (We use a software to program it).

High or Low

0-255 (brightness, speed)

Water Sensor

Flex Sensor

Infrared (IR) Sensor

Temperature Sensor

Servo

DC Motor

Photoresistor

Accelerometer Sensor + Joystick Module

Force Sensitive Resistor

Motion Sensor

LED

NeoPixel

Ultrasound

Buzzer

LCD Screen

OUTPUTS (Actuators)

INPUTS (Sensors)

Arduino : Components

Vocabulary

Concepts to Understand

1. Circuit: A closed path for electricity to flow.
2. Voltage: Electrical pressure that pushes current.
3. Current: Flow of electricity.
4. Resistance: Opposition to current, measured in ohms.
5. Serial Monitor: A tool in the Arduino software that shows messages sent from the board.

Hardware Basics؜

1. Digital Pin -- Sends or reads ON/OFF signals (HIGH or LOW).
2. Analog Pin -- Reads varying voltage levels (0–1023) from sensors.
3. GND (Ground) -- Reference point in the circuit. All components must connect to it.
4. 5V / 3.3V -- Power output pins for components.
5. Resistor -- Limits current in a circuit to protect components.
6. Sensor -- A component that detects physical input (light, temperature, sound, etc.).
7. Actuator -- A device that performs an action (like motors, LEDs, buzzers).

Vocabulary

؜Programming Terms

Sketch -- An Arduino program written in C/C++.

Setup() -- Function that runs once at the start. Used to initialize things.

Loop() -- Function that repeats forever while the Arduino is on.

DigitalWrite() -- Sends HIGH or LOW signal to a digital pin (like 0/1 or ON/OFF)

DigitalRead()-- Reads HIGH or LOW signal from a digital pin.

AnalogRead() -- Reads a value (0–1023) from an analog pin.

AnalogWrite() -- Sends PWM signal (0–255) to a pin.

Delay() -- Pauses the program for a number of milliseconds (like to blink a light)

Variable -- Stores data like numbers or text.

Function -- A block of code that does something specific.

Library -- Extra code packages you can add to use sensors or displays easily.

Digital: Control Components

Analog: Reads Data

Water Sensor

Flex Sensor

Infrared (IR) Sensor

Temperature Sensor

Servo

DC Motor

Photoresistor

Accelerometer Sensor + Joystick Module

Force Sensitive Resistor

Motion Sensor

LED

Ultrasound

Buzzer

LCD Screen

Potentiometer

Digital Inputs

Digital Outputs

Power

-

+

-

++++++++++++++++

0-255

Understanding Breadboard

+ -

1st Instal the Software

؜Refer to the "resources tab" in this activity folder and learn how to install the Arduino software

Once you have your program installed, you can now program you arduino board !

This is the typical breakdown of a code

2nd Arduino Programming

Synthax

؜ ; ... goes at the end of most lines

{ } ...opens/closes blocks like if, setup, and loop

Press Tab to indent code inside { }

This example shows the simplest thing you can do with an Arduino to see physical output: it blinks the on-board LED.

Hardware Required

1. Arduino Board
2. LED
3. 220 ohm resistor
4. Laptop
5. Arduino Software

BLINK LED

؜Build the Circuit

Tell the software that you have plugged your arduino

4th Set up your Arduino

؜After you build the circuit plug your Arduino board into your computer, start the Arduino Software (IDE) and enter the code.

5th Insert the Code

؜The first thing you do is to tell the code that our LED is connected to pin 13. This means you need to replace all the LED_BUILTIN to 13

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board

void setup() {

// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.

pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever

void loop() {

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

delay(1000); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

delay(1000); // wait for a second

}

6th Prepare the Code

BLINK LED

Verify and upload your code! and see how you LED starts to Blink!

Change the delay, you can increase or decrease the number!

=1 second

؜Understand the Code

Activity Resources

Refer to the interactivity folder in the toolbox to go over the steps!